Unveiling the Rich History and Culture of the Esan People

 

The Esan people, an ethnic group in south-south Nigeria, boast a rich history and vibrant culture. Traditionally agriculturalists and hunters, they are skilled cultivators of various crops, including palm trees, yams, and cassava. The Esan nation is believed to have been organized in the 15th century, when citizens, mostly nobles and princes, left the neighboring Benin Empire for the northeast. They formed communities and kingdoms, such as Eguares, among the aboriginal peoples they encountered.

*Esan Kingdoms and Geography*

There are 35 established kingdoms in Esanland, including Ebelle, Ewohimi, Ekpoma, Ubiaja, Uromi, and Ewu. Esanland is bordered by Benin City to the south, Agbor to the southeast, and Etsako to the north and east. The region's flat landscape, devoid of rocks and mountains, makes it suitable for agriculture. The Ekpon plateau, starting from Ekpon and rising to Ewohimi, creates the "Ekpon mini Plateau."

*Culture and Entertainment*

The Esan people primarily speak the Esan language, an Edoid language related to Edo, Urhobo, and Etsako. Their culture is rich in traditional dances, such as the Igbabonelimhin, an acrobatic dance performed by young males. The Esan people also have a strong tradition of storytelling, music, and art. The akpata, an African harp, is a common instrument among traditional Esan storytellers.

*History and Wars*

The Esan people have a complex history, with significant influences from the Benin Empire and European colonization. They resisted British invasion in the late 19th century, employing guerrilla warfare tactics to defend their kingdoms. Notable wars include the Uzea War between the Uromi Kingdom and the Benin Kingdom, and the Esan resistance against British colonial rule.

*Traditional Marriage Rites and Bride Price Requirements*

Esan traditional marriage rites are an important aspect of their culture. The bride price is typically low, symbolizing the value placed on children. The marriage ceremony involves various rituals, including the IKPOBO-OVBIOHA, where the bride's hands are washed, and the IGBIKHIAVBO, where the bride undergoes a symbolic beating of okra.

*Taboos and Social Norms*

The Esan people have several taboos and social norms that govern their behavior. For example, it is considered an abomination for a married woman to have an affair or for a man to touch a married woman's wrapper. Adultery is punishable by severe consequences, including ritual cleansing.

*Modern-Day Esan*

Today, the Esan people continue to thrive, with many living in urban areas while maintaining strong ties to their cultural heritage. The Esan diaspora community is also vibrant, with groups like the Esan World Congress working to preserve and promote Esan culture globally. The Esan people's resilience, adaptability, and rich cultural heritage make them a unique and fascinating ethnic group in Nigeria.

*Agriculture and Economy*

Agriculture is the backbone of the Esan economy, with crops like rubber, palm trees, and cassava being major exports. The region is also rich in natural resources, including streams and rivers that support fishing and other aquatic activities.

*Conclusion*

The Esan people have a rich history, culture, and tradition that spans centuries. From their agricultural practices to their traditional marriage rites and taboos, the Esan people have maintained a strong sense of identity and community. As the Esan diaspora continues to grow, it is essential to preserve and promote their cultural heritage for future generations.